Map: sculpture sample "on the basis of one-sided viewpoint"

图为：雕塑作品小样《掩耳盗铃》

Map: Sculpture "sample".

文/本报记者李翌 实习生徐瑶 图/本报记者刘大家

Text / reporter Li Yi Intern Xu Yao chart / reporter Liu Dajia

人物名片

Business card

刘政德，中国著名雕塑家、寓言雕塑大师。1931年出身于湖北天门，毕业于中南文艺美术学院。先后任职于广州美术学院、湖北美术学院、全国城市雕塑艺术委员会、中国雕塑学会。其重要代表作《东郭先生》、《盲人摸象》、《黄鹤归来》、《大江截流》等。

Liu Zhengde, a famous sculptor and master of sculpture in China. Born in 1931 in Hubei Tianmen, graduated from Zhongnan Arts Academy of Fine Arts. Successively served in Guangzhou Acmdemy of Fine Arts, Hubei Institute of Fine Arts, the National Urban Sculpture Art Committee, the Chinese Sculpture Society. The main representative of "", "", this "return" on the basis of one-sided viewpoint "," closure "etc..

东湖寓言雕塑群、黄鹤楼前的《黄鹤归来》铜雕、古琴台的《知音》雕塑……或许，很多人对刘政德这个名字并不熟悉，但这些刘政德的雕塑作品，您也许见过。

East Lake fable sculpture group in front of the Yellow Crane Tower, "he returned," the "bronze Guqin Taiwan Salon" sculpture...... Perhaps, many people are not familiar with the name Liu Zhengde, but these Liu Zhengde sculpture works, you may have seen.

日前，湖北美术学院退休教授、著名雕塑家刘政德，以其在雕塑界所作的贡献，荣获了中国雕塑学会颁发的“中国雕塑毕生成绩奖”，成为湖北第一个获此殊荣的艺术家。组委会评价他不仅是中国的雕塑大师，也是世界级的雕塑大师。这位身材硬朗的84岁老艺术家，在其湖北美术学院老校区工作室吸收了本报记者专访。

Recently, Hubei Academy of fine arts retired professor, a famous sculptor Liu Zhengde, its contribution in the world of sculpture, won the China Sculpture Institute awarded the "China Sculpture Lifetime Achievement Award", becoming the Hubei first to receive this honor artists. The evaluation of the organizing committee is not only a master of Chinese sculpture, but a master of world sculpture.. The 84 year old artist hale, in the old campus of Hubei Institute of Fine Arts studio accepted the reporter's interview.

荣幸：与雕塑的不解之缘

Lucky: indissoluble bound and sculpture

1931年，刘政德出身于湖北天门，而年少时就历经过战乱和流亡的他，是被我国著名教导家陶行知带入艺术之门的。

In 1931, Liu Zhengde was born in Hubei Tianmen, and youth on the calendar after the war and escape, he is brought to the door of art by the famous educator Tao Xingzhi.

1938年，日军逼近武汉，地处湖北中部的天门也处于风雨飘摇中，7岁的刘政德随父母流亡至重庆。1943年，陶行知凑集了不少优良人才，在重庆创办了一所公益性的学校育才学校，教师不少都是在当时很著名气的音乐家、舞蹈家。次年，正愁没有学校可读的刘政德荣幸地被陶行知选中，并进入美术组，教课的老师是著名画家陈烟桥。

In 1938, the Japanese approach of Wuhan, is located in the central Hubei Tianmen, was in a precarious, seven year old Liu Zhengde with parents fled to Chongqing. In 1943, Tao Xingzhi gathered a lot of talent, founded in Chongqing Yucai School, a public school, many teachers are at that time very famous musicians, dancers. The following year, sorrow is no school readable Liu Zhengde lucky enough to be drafted the Tao Xingzhi, and entered the art group, the teacher to teach is the famous painter Chen Yanqiao.

在骚乱的年代，刘政德就这样荣幸地跨进了艺术的大门。“这段经历成为我艺术的启蒙，”刘政德说。由于陶行知提倡根据学生的本性自由发展，让刘政德又荣幸地结识了自己爱好的雕塑。

In the era of upheaval, Liu Zhengde is so lucky to have stepped into the door of art. "This experience has become the Enlightenment of my art," Liu Zhengde said.. As Tao Xingzhi advocates the development of the freedom of the student's nature, Liu Zhengde and lucky to get to know his favorite sculpture.

1947年，刘政德考入私立武昌艺术专科学校西画系，可他对雕塑却更加偏爱。当时武昌艺专并没有雕塑系，但正好有一位从日本留学归来的蒋志明学过雕塑，在他的领导下，刘政德对雕塑产生了更加浓重的兴趣。

In 1947, Liu Zhengde was admitted to the Wuchang School of Fine Arts Department of Western painting, but he is more preference for sculpture. At Wuchang art school, and no Department of sculpture, but just a students returning from Japan of Zhi Ming Jiang studied sculpture. Under his guidance, Liu Zhengde of sculpture produced the more strong interest.

那个时候，刘政德机密参加了共产党外围地下组织“新青联”，并组织参加了一些地下工作。解放后，他又到中南文艺美术学院深造，毕业后调到广州美术学院雕塑系。自此，他的一生便和雕塑结下了不解之缘。

At that time, Liu Zhengde secretly joined the Communist Party underground periphery organization "Youth", and organizations to participate in the underground work. After the liberation, he went to south central and South Art Academy of Fine Arts, transferred to the Guangzhou Acmdemy of Fine Arts sculpture department after graduation. Since then, his life and sculpture the indissoluble bound.

成绩：开创中国寓言雕塑奇特作风

Achievements: to create a unique style of Chinese fable sculpture

上世纪60年代，中国的艺术正处在百废待兴阶段，而西方艺术的作风正渐渐渗透进来。此时的刘政德在中西文化的交换中，萌发了以立方体的变形形象、运用写意的伎俩来表现中国古代寓言故事的想法。

60 of the last century, China art is in the stage of Western art and a thousand things wait to be done, the style is gradually infiltrated. At this time, Liu Zhengde in the exchange of Chinese and Western culture, the distortion of the image of the cube, the use of freehand techniques to show the idea of ancient Chinese fable story.

1960年，刘政德进入中央美术学院雕塑研究班，他的第一件寓言作品就是在研修班上的毕业作品《东郭先生》，是以中国“中山狼”的故事为素材创作而成。作品一出，便在当时引起了较大的争议，有人批评它为“西方立体主义”。同学们的毕业作品全部在报刊上刊登，唯独没有刘政德的这件作品。这件事对刘政德是个不小的打击，甚至他还因此在文革期间受到迫害，和岭南美术大师一起被发配到牛棚改革。

In 1960, Liu Zhengde entered Central Academy of Fine Arts sculpture research class. His first piece of fable is in the training class of graduate work "Mister Dongguo" is creative material from China "Zhongshan wolf" story. Works out, it has aroused great controversy at the time, some people criticized it as "western cubism". All the students' graduation work was published in the newspapers and periodicals, but there was no Liu Zhengde 's work.. The matter of Liu Zhengde is a not a small blow, even if he did so during the cultural revolution, persecuted, and Lingnan master of fine arts is consigned to the bullpen transformed.

不过，刘政德并未转变自己在艺术作风上的摸索。“中国传统的寓言故事，包含了中国人的哲学思辨以及奇特的智慧，但言简意赅的寓言，很多时候都很难用雕塑把它的深意表现出来。”刘政德说，这也是他保持寓言雕塑创作的原因。

However, Liu Zhengde did not change their exploration in the art style. "Traditional Chinese fable, contains the Chinese philosophical thinking and unique wisdom, but concise fables, most of the time are very difficult to use the sculpture to show the meaning of it." Liu Zhengde said that this is his stick to the creation of the fable sculpture reasons.

　　很快，刘政德的寓言雕塑作品在全国引起了关注。1972年，中国第一届城市雕塑评选中，他的《盲人摸象》与天安门广场好汉纪念碑浮雕一起，被评为当代四大名雕。1982年，在武汉市政府的支撑下，刘政德在东湖景区建造寓言雕塑公园，这也是中国乃至世界首个以寓言雕塑为专题的公园。在这里，刘政德创作了《盲人摸象》、《三个和尚没水吃》、《狐假虎威》、《滥竽充数》等家喻户晓的寓言雕塑。

Soon, Liu Zhengde's fable sculpture works in the country caused concern. In 1972, China's first urban sculpture award, and his "the blind men and the elephant" with the Tiananmen Square the monument to the heroes of the relief together, was named contemporary four famous carving. In 1982, under the support of the Wuhan municipal government, Liu Zhengde built the fable Sculpture Park in East Lake scenic spot, this is also the Chinese and the world first with fable sculpture for the theme park. Here, Liu Zhengde created "the blind men and the elephant", "three monks have no water to drink", "hujiahuwei", "cheating" well-known fable sculpture.

至今，刘政德已经创作了50余件寓言雕塑，他也开创了中国寓言雕塑的奇特作风。美国雕塑家约翰·T·扬评价其是现代与传统的神奇联合。寓言雕塑，从此成为了他的标签。

So far, Liu Zhengde has created more than 50 pieces of fable sculpture, he also created a unique style of Chinese fable sculpture. American sculptor John T - Yang evaluation of its modern and traditional magic combination. The fable sculpture, henceforth becomes his label.

挫折：《黄鹤归来》曾遭非议

Frustration: "return" has been criticized Huang

黄鹤楼前高达5米的铜雕《黄鹤归来》，是刘政德创作的众多雕塑作品之一，它已经成为了武汉市的一个文化符号。而这样一件家喻户晓的雕塑背后，却有一段不为人知的故事。

Yellow Crane Tower of up to 5 meters bronze the return of the Yellow Crane Tower, is one of the creation of Liu Zhengde numerous sculpture works, it has become the a cultural symbol of Wuhan city. And such a well-known sculpture behind, but there is a story of unknown.

1983年左右，时值黄鹤楼进行修复，需要建造一个雕塑，刘政德设计的方案从众多投稿中脱颖而出。他历时一年完成的作品，却受到了非议。甚至有人写了一本材料上交到了省委和中央，批评刘政德和他的作品。一是认为蛇缠绕龟是在表现龟蛇交媾，带有“黄色”偏向；二是在中国传统中，由龟和蛇组合成的灵物玄武是北方之神，怎么能够涌现在黄鹤楼门口呢？

Around 1983, the duration of the Yellow Crane Tower repair, need to build a sculpture, Liu Zhengde design scheme from a number of contributors come to the fore. He took a year to complete the work, has been criticized. Some even wrote a material on the provincial Party and Central Committee, criticizing Liu Zhengde and his work. One is that the snake coiled around turtle is in the performance of turtles and snakes copulating, with "yellow" tendency; the second is in Chinese tradition, is composed of a turtle and snake Fetish basalt is the God of the north, how can appear in front of the Yellow Crane Tower??

听闻此事，，刘政德也颇为气愤。他认为，生物界确实有龟蛇缠绕在一起的现象，但它们并非在交媾，而是蛇要吃乌龟蛋，二者因此缠斗。而他的雕塑，是从与黄鹤楼相干的传说中提炼出来的。“龟蛇鹤”的创意即源于这些民间传说：相传，大禹治水激动天庭，玉帝派龟、蛇二将协助。为镇江患，龟、蛇隔江对峙，变身为两座大山，形成“龟蛇锁大江”之势。水患平息后，国民安居乐业，黄鹤归来。黄鹤立于龟蛇之上，则寓意黄鹤留在黄鹤楼，不再飞走。而至于作为北方之神的玄武放在南方也早有先例，并非不可为。为此，刘政德特意将自己对于作品的懂得和创作初衷写成文字材料，向上级作了汇报和阐明，非议才慢慢平息下来。

Heard this, Liu Zhengde is also quite angry. He believes that the biological community does have a tortoise and snake winding together, but they are not in coitus, but the snake to eat turtle eggs, two so dogfight. And his sculpture, from the legend of the Yellow Crane Tower associated with the. "The tortoise and snake Crane" creative source in these folk legend: according to legend, the Dayu moved heaven, the Jade Emperor sent turtle, two snakes will assist. For Zhenjiang, the Snake River Turtle, confrontation, turned to the two mountains, the formation of "energy-saving" trend. The flood subsided, people live and work in peace, he returned. Huang Heli is a symbol of tortoise and snake, crane in Yellow Crane Tower, no longer fly away. And as the God of the north of the basaltic in the South has long precedents, not not for. Therefore, Liu Zhengde deliberately for their works and creative mind written materials, to their superiors and description, criticism slowly calmed down.

遗憾：迟到30年的雕塑里程碑

Regret: the sculpture milestone late 30 years

在刘政德创作的众多雕塑中，矗立于葛洲坝大坝的《大江截流》，是不可不说的作品。授予刘政德“中国雕塑毕生成绩奖”的颁奖词这样写道：这件作品是在改革开放的中国第一次运用现代主义伎俩表现中国国民改革大自然的魄力和力量。美国芝加哥学院院长、雕塑家托尼琼斯先生称它为中国雕塑走向现代的一个里程碑。

Many sculptures in Liu Zhengde's creation, standing in the Gezhouba Dam dam "closure", be said of works. Granted Liu Zhengde Chinese sculpture "Lifetime Achievement Award" Awards wrote: this piece is in the reform and opening to the outside world in China for the first time by modernism means the spirit and strength of the Chinese people to change the nature. Dean of the American Academy of Chicago, sculptor, Mr. Tony Jones, it is a milestone for Chinese sculpture to a modern.

1981年1月，葛洲坝截流成功；当年12月，第一台17万千瓦机组投入运行。次年，葛洲坝工程局决定兴建一座纪念雕塑，湖北美术学院受邀先后完成了十多个设计草案，但构思比较传统，被一一否决。在大坝还没截流前，刘政德曾多次到宜昌考核。他回想：“当时在长江两岸，放的全是四面体，每个大约50吨，一辆大卡车只能装一个，那些卡车的车轱辘比人还高。长江两岸布满了这样的四面体，我感到，它们像武士，好像筹备随时投入战斗。那些四面体当时就给我带来了灵感。”刘政德想，何不就把这些四面体组合起来。这一设计得到了葛洲坝领导、工程师、工人代表的一致确定。

January 1981, the closure of the success of the Gezhouba Dam; when the first 170000 kW unit put into operation in December. The following year, the Gezhouba Dam Bureau of Engineering decided to build a commemorative sculpture, Hubei Institute of Fine Arts, has been invited to complete a dozen draft design, but the idea of comparing the tradition, was one one veto. Before the dam has been closure, Liu Zhengde has repeatedly visited Yichang. He recalled: "at that time on the banks of the Yangtze River, put all tetrahedral, each about 50 tons, a large truck only installed a, the truck wheels than people is higher. The sides of the Yangtze River are covered with such a tetrahedral, I feel, they are like warriors, as if ready to fight. The tetrahedral was a inspiration for me." Liu Zhengde thought, why don't you put these tetrahedral combinations together. The design has been unanimously affirmed by the Gezhouba Dam leadership, engineers and workers' representatives.

然而，这件在当时看来十分前卫的作品饱受争议，并因为葛洲坝在当时的影响，讨论扩大到了全国，有人批评他是在搞西方资产阶级艺术，是西方的抽象派艺术。由于外界非议太多，迫于压力，这件雕塑并未建成。直到2011年，为纪念葛洲坝截流取得成功三十周年，这件雕塑才终于建成。只是，以现在的眼力来看，这件作品已经不前卫了。

However, this at a time when it seems very avant-garde works controversial, and because the Gezhouba in effect at that time to discuss expanded to the whole country, there is criticism that he is in the western bourgeois art, Western abstractionism. Amid much criticism, under pressure, the sculpture has not completed. Until 2011, to commemorate the closure of the Gezhouba Dam victory thirty anniversary, this sculpture was finally built. But, in the present point of view, this work already did not vanguard.